Sandmeyer Reaction 12th Standard

The reaction in which diazonium salt is treated with CuCl, CuBr or CuCN to produce Chlorobenzene, Bromobenzene and Benzene nitrile respectively is called Sandmeyer reaction.

Cannizzaro’s Reaction

The reaction in which the carbonyl compound (having no alpha hydrogen) is treated with base (NaOH or KOH) to produce alcohol and Carboxylate ion is called Cannizzaro’s reaction.

The cannizzro,s reaction is given by the aldehydes which has no alpha hydrogen.
The aldehyde oxidizes to carboxylate ion and reduced to alcohol.
Cannizzaro’s reaction is disproportionation reaction.
The reaction in which same molecule oxidizes and reduced simultaneously is called disproportionation reaction..

Question:- Which compounds gives Cannizzaro’s reaction out of the following compounds and why?

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Answer:-Compounds A and C gives Cannizzaro’s reaction because they have absence of alpha hydrogen atom.

Molecular Orbital Diagram of Oxygen 11th Standard

Question:-Explain the paramagnetic nature of oxygen and calculate bond order by drawing molecular orbital orbital diagram and molecular orbital electronic configuration.

Diazotization Reaction

In diazotization Reaction, The aniline is treated with nitrous acid ( a mixture of sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid) at temperature 0⁰ to 5⁰Celsius ( 273 K to 278 K ) to produce diazonium chloride.

Nitrous acid is produce in the reaction mixture by treating NaNO₂with HCl

NaNO₂+ HCl —> HNO₂ + NaCl

Diazonium salt is highly unstable and can explode at little higher temperature therefore it is prepared at lower temperature (0⁰ to 5⁰Celsius).

Diazonium salt can not be separated and product mixture is used for further reaction because diazonium salt is highly unstable and explode on distillation (on heating).

Diazonium salt is very much important in organic synthesis as for preparation of large number of organic compounds, it is precursor (Reactant).