Study material of chemistry and science
When phenol is treated with chloroform (CHCl3) in presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce salicylaldehyde ( ortho Hydroxybenzaldehyde) is known as Reimer Tiemann,s Reaction.
This reaction is actually formylation (Addition of -CHO group) of phenol at ortho position.
Short Mechanism:-
The reaction in which Phathalimide is treated with sodium hydroxide, haloalkane to produce primary aliphatic amine is known as Gabriel Phthalimide Reaction.
Pure primary amine is obtained in this reaction as its separation is easy.
NOTE-Aryl Amine can not prepared by this reaction as aryl halide does not undergo nucleophylic substitution.
The reaction in which carbonyl group (C=O) is reduced into (-CH2-) group on reacting with a mixture of zinc and hydrochloric acid is called Clemmensen,s Reduction.
General reaction:-
Reaction of aliphatic aldehyde and ketones-
Reaction of aromatic aldehyde and ketones-
Question:- Why did a mixture of Zn+HCl is used for reduction ?
Answer:- Zn reaction reacts with HCl to produce H2 gas which reduces carbonyl (C=O) to alkane (-CH2-).
Question:- Why does amalgam of Zinc (Zn/Hg) use in spite of only Zn ?
Answer:- Zn reacts with HCl to produce H2 very fast that move out fast from reaction mixture and carbonyl compound has very little time to react and most of hydrogen moves out of reaction mixture without reacting whereas in form of amalgam, Zn reacts slowly to produce hydrogen slowly, which can react with carbonyl compound. because only those Zn atoms reacts with HCl which are present on the surface of amalgam .
Amalgam: The solution of metal in mercury is called amalgam. Metal dissolve in mercury like salt dissolve in water.
In carbylamine reaction amine is treated with chloroform in presence of sodium hydroxide to produce isocyanide which has offensive / foul smell is called carbylamine reaction or isocyanide test.
This reaction is used to distinguish PRIMARY AMINE from SECONDARY / TERTIARY AMINE.
The isocyanide is poisonous gas, and Methyl isocyanide (CH3NC) that is also called MIC gas was leaked in Bhopal, Madhypradesh state of India from a multinational factory, consequently a large number of people were died and injured and have been suffering till now.
CHEMIGOD 