The reaction in which Phathalimide is treated with sodium hydroxide, haloalkane to produce primary aliphatic amine is known as Gabriel Phthalimide Reaction.
Pure primary amine is obtained in this reaction as its separation is easy.
NOTE-Aryl Amine can not prepared by this reaction as aryl halide does not undergo nucleophylic substitution.
The reaction in which carbonyl group/ compound is first treated with hydrazine and than treated with base to produce alkane is called Wolf Kishner,s Reduction Reaction. In this reaction C=O group is converted into -CH2-group.
The reaction in which carbonyl compound having three alpha hydrogen treated with a mixture of halogen and sodium hydroxide to give haloform means trihalomethane.
NaOH reacts with X2 to produce NaOI which replaces three hydrogen by three halogen atom. here halogens are Cl2, Br2 or I2.
Alpha, beta, gama and delta Carbon / Hydrogen .
1. First carbon / hydrogen from functional group (in this case it is OH) is called ALPHA carbon and hydrogen present on alpha carbon is called ALPHA hydrogen.
2. Second carbon / hydrogen from functional group (in this case it is OH) is called BETA carbon and hydrogen present on alpha carbon is called BETA hydrogen.
3. Third carbon / hydrogen from functional group (in this case it is OH) is called GAMA carbon and hydrogen present on alpha carbon is called GAMA hydrogen.
4. Forth carbon / hydrogen from functional group (in this case it is OH) is called DELTA carbon and hydrogen present on alpha carbon is called DELTA hydrogen.
Example of Haloform Reaction:-
Reaction of Ethanal ( Acetaldehyde)
Reaction of Propanone (Acetone)
This reaction is also given by alcohol having three beta hydrogen atoms. alcohol is first converted into carbonyl compound than into haloform.
The reaction in which the carbonyl compound (having no alpha hydrogen) is treated with base (NaOH or KOH) to produce alcohol and Carboxylate ion is called Cannizzaro’s reaction.
The cannizzro,s reaction is given by the aldehydes which has no alpha hydrogen.
The aldehyde oxidizes to carboxylate ion and reduced to alcohol.
Cannizzaro’s reaction is disproportionation reaction.
The reaction in which same molecule oxidizes and reduced simultaneously is called disproportionation reaction..
Question:- Which compounds gives Cannizzaro’s reaction out of the following compounds and why?
A
B
C.
D.
Answer:-Compounds A and C gives Cannizzaro’s reaction because they have absence of alpha hydrogen atom.
CHEMIGOD 